:first-child

一番最初のヤツに

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li:first-child{background:#e1f5a9;;}

 

:last-child

一番最後のヤツに

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li:last-child{background:#e1f5a9;;}

 

:nth-child(n)

n番目のヤツに

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li:nth-child(2){background:#e1f5a9;}

 

:nth-child(odd)

奇数番目のヤツに

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li:nth-child(odd){background:#e1f5a9;}

 

:nth-child(even)

偶数番目のヤツに

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li:nth-child(even){background:#e1f5a9;}